Zika in 2020 ? What is the Zika virus ? Symptoms , Treatment
Where does Zika virus come from ?
Zika virus was first identified in Uganda in 1947 by
mosquito-borne flavivirus in monkeys. In 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic
of Tanzania, it was later identified in humans.
In Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific, outbreaks of
Zika virus disease have been recorded. Rare sporadic cases in Africa and Asia,
typically with mild conditions, of human infections, were discovered between
the 1960s and 1980.
In 2007, the first Zika-virus-induced outbreaking was
reported in Yap Island (Micronesia Federal States). In 2013, a large outbreak
of Zika virus infection occurred in French Polynesia, and other Pacific
countries and territories. . In March 2015, a large outbreak of the rash
disease was reported in Brazil, soon identified as an infection by the Zika
virus, and Guillain-Barre disease was reported in July 2015.
Brazil reported a link between Zika and microcephaly in
October 2015. Evidence of transmission and outbreaks appeared soon across the
Americas, Africa, and other parts of the world. To date, there is evidence of
the mosquito-transmitting Zika infection in a total of 86 countries and
territories.
Zika has been reported in and around Miami, FL, and
Brownsville, TX in 2016 in the United States.
In babies born to infected women, including microcephaly,
babies with underdeveloped heads, and brain damage, this virus causes birth
defects. In addition, Zika was associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome which
attacks the nerves by the immune system. It spreads mainly by mosquitoes,
although there have been reported cases of sexual transmission.
For pregnant women in countries where the disease is
spreading, CDC continues to issue travel warnings.
What is the virus of Zika? How are you catching it? How can you
prevent this?
Aedes mosquitoes, a mosquito of the same type carrying dengue
fever, yellow fever, and Chikungunya virus, are the first Zika virus that was
found in Uganda in 1947. An infected person is bite by a mosquito and then
transfers these viruses to others that it bites. External breakdowns occurred
in the south Pacific only in 2007.
Zika can spread via sex usually after a person travels to an
area in which Zika has erupted and the virus has contracted. The virus can be
transmitted to sexual partners by infected women and men, even when CDC
indicates that they have not demonstrated symptoms of infection. Infected
pregnant women may also transfer the virus to their fetuses.
There have also been some studies that show that infected
people can have the virus in the blood, semen, urine, saliva, and fluids in the
eye.
What are Zika's symptoms? or What happens if you get Zika virus ?
The condition can cause fever, rash, articular pain, and
redness in the eye (conjunctivitis, or pinkeye). But most people aren't going
to know they got it.
"Symptoms will only occur in 1 in every 5 individuals
with the virus," says Adalja. "There is no overwhelming majority of
symptoms."
The symptoms of CDC infected mosquito bite can occur anywhere
from 3 to 14 days. It can last between a few days and a week.
Call your doctor, especially if you are pregnant, if you have
developed symptoms and live in or have visited an area where Zika is breastfeeding.
Pregnant women with Zika symptoms should be tested for Zika at any time during
their pregnancy.
Scientists believe they are likely protected from future
infections once a person has been infected.
Does Zika resemble other mosquito-borne conditions like Dengue
Fever, Chikungunya, or West Nile Virus?
All of these symptoms can cause a variety of grip symptoms
that vary from a few days to over one week. Just like Zika, only a few people
will have any symptoms from dengue or western Nile. While dengue and
chikungunya also spread the same type of mosquitoes as Zika, many different
types of mosquitoes spread the West Nile virus.
Zika is also the only virus known by sexual contact to be
propagated.
What is the treatment of Zika?
No treatment is available but most people with symptoms use
over-the-counter medicines for pain and soreness. The disease usually takes
place in about a week.
The CDC recommends that infected individuals take a lot of
relaxation, drink dehydration fluids and take acetaminophen for pain and fever.
Aspirin or any other NSAIDs should be taken only when dengue is excluded, to
minimize the risk of blood flow, said the agency.
Zika vaccine is not available, but the human vaccine is
tested by the National Health Institutes.
How do Zika, Microcephaly, and Pregnancy relate?
In babies born to infected women, Zika causes microcephaly,
the CDC reports. Microcephaly blocks the growth of the head of a baby, causing
devastating, and sometimes lethal brain damage.
Since Brazil first emerged in May 2015, the virus has caused
panic. In Brazil over 2,100 babies have been delivered with Zika-related
microcephaly or other birth defects. At that time, it advised women to postpone
pregnancy, Brazil and several other countries.
Although babies are caused by many microcephaly causes,
including pregnancy infections, genetic problems, and exposure to toxic
substances, the CDC says that research shows that Zika is one of the causes.
Research has suggested that infection, while baby organs are still forming,
appears to have the worst effects during the earliest stage of pregnancy.
However, some studies show that fetuses could be damaged
after infection, and there is evidence that microcephaly is not the only
Zika-related birth defect. The CDC describes five kinds of infections in
pregnant women, including severe microcephalic defects, that are Zika-specific
or that occur seldom with other infections. You are the following:
• Reduced tissue of brain indicating brain damage by calcium
deposits
• Back of the eye damage
• Limited range of joint motion, for example, clubfoot.
• Excessive muscle tone, restricting movement
Such effects are called Zika syndrome congenital in babies.
In the U.S., more than 2,474 pregnant women and more than
4,900 female pregnancies have been confirmed by the CDC since July 2018. A
hundred and sixteen U.S. babies born with Zika-linked birth defects have been
linked to 9 pregnancy losses. In May 2016, the agency established US registries
for pregnant women infected with Zika, including in Puerto Rico.
The Agency recommends the use of condoms or abstention from
sex during pregnancy by both women and men who lived or traveled with Zika and
a pregnant sex partner.
The CDC states that all pregnant women with possible exposure
to Zika should be assessed during every prenatal visit, and Zika tests should
be offered to all pregnant women with potential exposure.
Which countries are pregnant women's travel advisory to the CDC?
To travel to any country or territory where the Zika
transmission is continued, the CDC recommends that pregnant women and couples
planning pregnancy within three months consultation with their health care
providers.
On the CDC website, you will find a list of countries.
However, the list must be changed frequently and often be reviewed if countries
become a low risk or are added to other countries.
Pregnant women travelers are particularly concerned by Scott
C. Weaver, Ph.D., Director of the Institute for Human Infection and Immunity,
University of Texas Medicinal Branch in Galveston.
"Going to an area with a circulating Zika virus is very
risky, particularly in the first quarter or early second quarter," he
says. "...I would not recommend that pregnant women visit areas where
there are ongoing epidemics."
Couples who try to have a baby should wait a few months to
become pregnant if one of their partners is traveling to an area where Zika
spreads - even if they have no confirmed infection, according to the CDC. The
agency recommends that women wait two months and men, even though the male did
not have symptoms, wait at least six months after the exposure.
For 6 months after returning, men and women who visited
Zika-disseminated areas are advised to practice secure sex or abstinence.
Whether or not they try to become pregnant and whether or not they have Zika
symptoms.
The only way to prevent Zika infection completely during
pregnancy is by not going to Zika-risk areas and using precautions or avoiding
sex with someone who recently visited a risk area.
What if I have traveled to these areas and am pregnant?
Speak to your physician. You will monitor the health of your
baby, and you will be screened for virus symptoms. Other diseases, like dengue
or chikungunya, may be excluded if you have symptoms.
Pregnant women traveling to a region where they are Zika,
even if they have no symptoms, can be tested 2 to 12 weeks after return, CDC
states.
Each 3 to 4 weeks, the agency says pregnant females should
receive ultrasounds to monitor the growth of the baby.
What if I don't plan a pregnancy?
In addition to the regular method of birth control, women
exposed to Zika should use condoms or abstain from sex for at least 198 weeks
to decrease the risk of sexual transmission, the CDC says.
Men with potential exposure should use a condom or abstain
from sex for 6 months or more even if they did not have Zika symptoms.
Where are we at risk in the United States?
No local mosquito-borne virus transmission in the continental
United States has been reported since 2018.
The CDC says it is difficult to detect local Zika spread,
given that a person may not be showing signs until 2 weeks after infection.
Further, it may take weeks to diagnose and investigate cases.
Aedes that spread Zika are found in each country of North,
Central, and South America except two, according to the WHO's Regional Office
for the Americas: Canada and Continental Chile.
How do you get Zika tested?
Two ways to test Zika are available. One test examines
genetic code parts of the virus in people with active infections. But after the
infection has been deleted, the test will not work, which lasts about 2 weeks
after the symptoms.
The FDA is happy to use an emergency version of this test
which can differentiate whether a person has dengue, chikungunya, or Zika
instead of 3 tests. The new version is available in skilled laboratories,
according to the CDC.
Since 80% of people with Zika do not suffer from symptoms,
many people don't know when they are infected.
A further test examines proteins called immune system
antibodies for fighting the virus. Anticorps in the blood may be found up to 3
months after an infection occurs.
This is not a very specific test, however. It can mistakenly
show that someone who has Zika had other viruses such as dengue and chikungunya
infection. A positive or unfinished test result will mean that the CDC or a
CDC-authorized laboratory will conduct a follow-up test.
This test has been approved by the FDA and distributed to
qualified laboratories by the CDC.
Amniotic fluid can also be tested in pregnant women, although
the CDC states that this test does not show how well it will work for Zika.
May Zika lead to other conditions of health?
Zika was rarely associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome. This
disorder can cause paralysis in part or in full, usually from the beginning of
the legs. In areas such as French Polynesia and Brazil, in which an epidemic of
Zika has taken place, the disease has increased. Studies show more and more a
link between Zika and syndrome.
Current CDC studies show Guillain-Barre is closely related to
Zika, but only a small number of those infected get it.
According to research presented during the American Academy
of Neurology Conference, there can be a link between Zika and an autoimmune
disorder called acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). An individual's
immune system attacks myelin, similar to multiple sclerosis, around the brain
and spinal cord nerve fibers.
The first case of brain swelling associated with Zika, in an
81-year-old man on a South Pacific cruise, is reported by doctors in March
2016. The man ran into a coma with fever. Meningoencephalitis or membranes
covering the brain and backbone were diagnosed. The Zika virus has been found
in the backbone. After 38 days in the hospital, the man came back.
Later this year, a 70-year-old man died from serious
thrombocytopenia in February, which causes low levels of blood platelets that
can lead to internal bleeding, the CDC reported the first Zika-linked death in
Puerto Rico.
How can I avoid Zika?
Avoid mosquito bites through repellent all day long if you
plan to travel in affected areas. Indoor and outdoor wear long-sleeved shirts
and long pants.
Zika-propagated mosquitoes are aggressive daily biters that
are often found indoors and are unusual in the US, says Weaver, director of the
Institute of Human Infections and Immunity.
"Throughout the day, you must protect yourself," he
says.
The CDC recommends that DEET, picaridin, IR3535, lemon
eucalyptus oil (para-menthane-diol), or 2-undergone be used for insect
repellents registered at the Environmental Protection Agency. Apply the first
and repellent second if you use sunscreen.
Use windows and doors around your homes and remove standing
water – such as tires, buckets, flower pools, and plantings – as mosques lay
eggs near water.
Such a disease can spread even if you do not know Zika is
present. In Weaver's comments, people traveling to affected areas should be
very vigilant when returning home from mosquito bites. The CDC recommends that
women or men avoid sexual transmission by using condoms and abstaining from sex
for eight weeks or six months.
Which countries have Zika virus ? 2020 Zika countries
The Zika virus in over 87 countries is reported by the WHO.
Virus activity continues in the Caribbean by 2020, in most places in Latin
America, Central Africa, India, Indonesia, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Papua New
Guinea.
Below is some information on the number of cases of Zika in
certain countries in recent years. This is the information provided in October
2019 and risk information as of July 2019 to Europe's Center for Disease
Prevention and Control.
Asia
India is currently the area with the majority of cases in
Asia. 159 confirmed cases had been reported in 2018 since November 2018.
In recent years, Thailand also reported cases. There were 568
reported cases throughout the country in 2018 and 48 in 2019 as of June. Cases
with likely infections in Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore,
Indonesia, and the Maldives have also been reported by media outlets.
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